„Kad ir koks sunkus atrodytų gyvenimas, visada yra kažkas, ką gali padaryti ir pasisekti“ – Stephenas Hawkingas
Stephenas W. Hawkingas (1942-2018) will be remembered not just for being an accomplished theoretical physicist with a brilliant mind but also for symbolising the ability of the human spirit to rise and triumph above severe physical disability of the body and achieve what is presumed to be the unthinkable. Prof Hawking was diagnosed with a debilitating condition when he was barely 21 years old, but he showed resilience over his adversities and continued to engage his mind in an attempt to theorize some of the intriguing scientific mysteries of the visata.
Idėja Juodosios skylės emerged from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The cosmic objects Juodosios skylės– thought to be the biggest enigmas of the known visata– are extremely dense, so dense that nothing escapes their huge gravity, not even the light. Everything gets sucked into it. This is the reason Juodosios skylės yra vadinami Juodosios skylės because nothing can escape its clutches and also its impossible to see a Juodoji skylė. Nes Juodosios skylės do not emit light or energy in any form unlike all other cosmic objects, they would never undergo explosion. This meant Juodosios skylės would be immortal.
Stephen Hawking questioned the immortality of the Juodosios skylės.
Savo laiške pavadinimu ''Juodosios skylės explosions?’’, paskelbta 2005 m Gamta in 19741, Hawking came up with the theoretical conclusion that not everything is sucked into a Juodoji skylė ir Juodosios skylės emit an electromagnetic radiation called Vanaginė spinduliuotė, detailing that radiation can escape from a Juodoji skylė, because of the laws of quantum mechanics. Thus, Juodoji skylės too would explode and convert to gamma rays. He showed that any Juodoji skylė will create and emit particles such as neutrinos or photons. As a Juodoji skylė emits radiation one would expect it to lose mass. This in turn would increase the surface gravity and so increase the rate of emission. The Juodoji skylė would therefore have a finite life and eventually disappear into nothing.This stuck down the long-held idea by the theoretical physicists that black holes are immortal.
Šios Vanaginė spinduliuotė was thought to contain no useful information about what the Juodoji skylė engulfed because the information swallowed up by the Juodoji skylė would have been lost forever.In a recent study published in 2016 in Physical Review Letters, Hawking showed that black holes have a halo of ‘soft hair’ (technically, low-energy quantum excitations) around them which might store the information. More research on this could perhaps lead toan understanding andan eventual resolution of the Juodoji skylė informacijos problema.
Any proof of Hawking’s theory? No observational confirmation yet seen in the cosmos. Juodosios skylės are too long-lived to be observed today at their end.
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Šaltiniai)
1. Hawking S 1974. Juodosios skylės sprogimai? Gamta. 248. https://doi.org/10.1038/248030a0
2. Hawking S et al 2016. Minkšti plaukai ant juodųjų skylių. Fizik. Kunigas Lett.. 116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231301
